This Week In Evolution

Nels and Vincent reveal that female-specific DNA associated with sex in strawberries has repeatedly changed its genomic location, possibly linking new genes with sex.  Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Jumping sex genes in strawberries (PLoS Biol) Red Queen by Matt Ridley Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 35 Science Picks Nels - New snailfish and Cloned crayfish Vincent - A PhD Lab Coat Ceremony Listener Picks Steve - Diversity in simple blobs Justin - On Growth and Forms by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent discuss how the loss of an enzyme in marine mammals millions of years ago now makes them at risk for neurotoxicity caused by human-made organophosphorous pesticides. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient lossesof paraoxonase I (Science) Big Yellow Taxi (YouTube) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 34 Hey farmer farmer put away the chlor-pyri-fus I don’t care about spots on my apples Leave me the manatee and walruses Science Picks Nels - New dinosaur discovered in Utah Vincent -The Song of the Dodo by David Quammen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent are astounded by the finding of an insect-derived virus in a fungus that manipulates the behavior of flies. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Virus in fungus in fly (bioRxiv) On a leaf, no one can hear you scream (TWiV 443) Nels gives Benzer Lecture (YouTube) Domestication of fungal fly pathogen (bioRxiv) Sequencing E. muscae genome (10X genomics) Eisen's twitter stream on new iflavirus (Twitter) Science Picks Nels - Mindsuckers; getting photos; Anand Varma photos  Vincent - Happy Birthday Gregor Mendel Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Matt joins Nels and Vincent to discuss the neutral theory of evolution and its rejection in light of genome-scale data. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Matt Hahn Become a patron of TWiEVO Hahn Lab Molecular Population Genetics by Matt Hahn Neutral theoryin light of natural selection (Mol Biol Evol) Neutral Sequence Fallacy(Assembly of Fragments) Splendor and miseryof adaptation (BMC Biol) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 32 Science Picks Nels - Inaugural Transposon Day Vincent - How many human genes? Listener Pick Anne- Plants repeatedly lose ability to obtain nitrogen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent present ancient hepatitis B virus genome sequences from Bronze Age to Medieval period human remains. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient hepatitis B virus genomes(Nature) Even more ancient HBV genomes(bioRxiv) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 31 Science Picks Nels - Sampling whale breathwith drones (Preprint) Vincent - Verge Science Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent reveal how a motor protein in corn causes preferential transmission of chromosomes to egg cells, leading to non-Mendelian inheritance. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cellmeeting Selfishcorn chromosomes (Cell) Dawe Lab- neocentromeres and meiotic drive Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 30 Science Picks Nels - Craypot stinkhorn mushroom (Colus pusilus) Vincent -Doubts raised over plan to release herpesvirus to wipe out carp Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent discuss the evolution of blood feeding to nonbiting in a mosquito, and evolution of bacterial virulence in the house finch caused by incomplete host immunity. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Mosquito evolution from blood feeding to nonbiting (PNAS) Mosquito blood feeding is not a free lunch (virology blog) Incomplete immunity and evolution of virulence (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 29 Science Picks Nels - IDEA and Impossible Foods Vincent - it is NOT junk Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Sarah Tishkoff joins Nels and Vincent to explain work from her laboratory on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation in Africans. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Sarah Tishkoff Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Sarah AMA on Reddit Genetics of African skin pigmentation (Science) Image credit Science Picks Nels - In Defense of Plants (Shrew Loo) Vincent - Contribution of NIH funding to new drug approvals Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Taking a cue from the recent frigid weather, Nels and Vincent explore how modifications of a neuronal cold-sensing channel regulate diminished cold sensitivity in hibernating mammals. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Why ground squirrels and hamsters don't mind the cold (Cell Rep) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 27 Science Picks Nels - Undergrad podcasters from Stonehill College Vincent - Viruses at Target Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Vinny Lynch joins Nels and Vincent to discuss how a zombie gene in elephants protects these large, long lived animals from cancer. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Vinny Lynch   Become a patron of TWiEVO Lynch Lab Elephant zombie LIF gene induces apoptosis (bioRxiv) Image credit Science Picks Nels - Animalism Vincent - Voyager I fires up thrusters after 37 years Vinny - Rollin' Wild Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent discuss a genomic analysis of the passenger pigeon, which shows that species with large and stable populations may be at risk of extinction after a sudden environmental change. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Passenger pigeon genomic diversity (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 25 Science Picks Nels - Video of nematophagous fungi Vincent - How should novelty be valued in science? John - Evo-Devo (Despacito Biology Parody) Melanie - What's in John's Freezer Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Marco Vignuzzi joins Nels and Vincent to discuss recent work from his laboratory on redirecting RNA virus evolution in sequence space. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Marco Vignuzzi Become a patron of TWiEVO Vignuzzi Laboratory Redirecting evolution of RNA viruses in sequence space (Nat Micro) Is quasispecies concept relevant to RNA viruses? (J Virol) This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. Get $30 off your first order and free shipping by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Global Tagging of Pelagic Predators Vincent - Why has the EPA shifted on toxic chemicals? Marco - Labs of Siobain Duffy, Seema Lackdawala, Chris Brook Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent reveal how the protein DHX9 suppresses RNA processing defects caused by invasion of the Alu retroelement into the human genome. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO DHX9 suppresses Alu defects (Nature) Asifa Akhtar on The Latest Thinking This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Saving Hellbender Salamanders Vincent - The Living River Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Maitreya Dunham joins Nels and Vincent to explain how her laboratory uses experimental evolution to study yeast flocculation, the community-building cell aggregation trait. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Maitreya Dunham Become a patron of TWiEVO Dunham Laboratory Adaptive Routes to Cell Aggregation in Yeast (Genetics) Making the best of a sticky situation (SGD) Yeast Genetics and Genomic Course (Cold Spring Harbor) Genetic basis of biofilm formation (Beacon) 2017 CSH Plate Race (YouTube) Image credit This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Floating Fire Ant Colonies in Houston and Help for Houston Researchers Vincent - Help People Affected by Harvey and How To Help Harvey Victims Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your e

Rich Condit joins Nels and Vincent to explain how a vaccinia virus protein customizes ribosomes to favor the translation of viral mRNAs with a stretch of A residues in the 5'-untranslated region. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello   Become a patron of TWiEVO Rich Condit with Harry Noller (scroll down) Trans-Kingdom mimicry? (Nature) More on RACK1 (Nat Struct Mol Biol) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 21 This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Rich - Sniffing out significant “Pee values” Nels - Cuttlefish mimicking a hermit crab (evolutionary context) Vincent - Our first bioRxiv submission! Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent explore the role of TSR proteins during colonization of cnidarians by dinoflagellates. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello   Become a patron of TWiEVO TSR domain proteins in cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis A. elegantissima image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 20 Science Picks Nels - CRISPR 5 ways Vincent - The Vital Question by Nick Lane Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Jonathan Weiner, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Beak of the Finch, joins Nels and Vincent to talk about his career and his writing.  Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Jonathan Weiner Become a patron of TWiEVO Jonathan's Columbia University page Jonathan's author page Science Picks Nels - The Gap by Ira Glass Vincent - EPA removes climate science site Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guests: Ni-Chen 'Sylvia' Chang, Waring 'Buck' Trible, and Sean K. McKenzie Buck and Sean join Vincent in New York, while Sylvia is with Nels in Salt Lake City to discuss the first mutant ant ever made: disruption of orco, a gene required for function of odorant receptors, show defects in social behavior and fitness.   Become a patron of TWiEVO First ant mutants link odorant receptors and social behavior (bioRxiv) Kronauer Lab This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Urban Nature and What Makes a City Ant? Vincent - Animations from WEHI Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Stephen Goff Nels joins Vincent in New York City to speak with Stephen Goff about transmissible clam cancers and the silencing of integrated retroviral genomes. Become a patron of TWiEVO A sixth modality of infectious disease (PLoS Path) Horizontal transmission of clam cancer (Cell) Transmissible bivalve cancers (Nature) Retrovirus transcriptional silencing (J Virol) Histones on retroviral DNA (Cell Host Micr) Image credit This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Mindsuckers Vincent - What is a species? Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Nels and Vincent reveal how introns - the parts of pre-mRNAs that are removed by splicing - were generated by DNA transposons in two different picoeukaryotes.   Become a patron of TWiEVO Introns from DNA transposons (Nature) Reverse transcription and integration lecture Image: Elde Lab Mobile Studios on location in Santa Fe, NM Letters read on TWiEVO 16 This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the #1 fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what’s on the menu this week and get your first 3 meals free with your first purchase – WITH FREE SHIPPING – by going to blueapron.com/twie. Science Picks Nels - Did eukaryotes invent anything? (TWiM 144) Vincent - Virology course online Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv