This Week In Evolution

Rich joins Nels and Vincent for a debriefing on the 4th Ringberg Symposium on Giant Virus Biology in Tegernsee, Germany. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Rich Condit Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Endless giant virus forms most beautiful (TWiV 575) 4th Ringberg Giant Virus Meeting Program (pdf) Photographs by Matthias Fischer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Rich - Flightradar24 Nels - Deutsches Museum Munich Vincent - Diversify Microbiology Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent reveal a new choanoflagellate that forms multicellular cup shaped colonies that respond to light to alternate between feeding and swimming behavior. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Microbial accomplices in multicellularity (TWiEVO 11) Light regulated collective contractility (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 48 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - How to write a great science paper by Cormac McCarthy Vincent - Natural Selection Store Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent trace the origins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used to make beer, and find that ales and lagers are made with yeasts that were derived from those used to make European grape wine and Asian rice wine. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Origins of beer yeasts (PLoS Biol) Chateau Jiahu beer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Population fluctuations in 10 biggest cities Vincent - 1.7 million year old rhino tooth (original Nature paper) Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent analyze the genomes of canine transmissible tumors to provide insight into the worldwide spread of the disease from its origin in a single dog 4000-8500 years ago, and its diversity, mutation, and evolution. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Evolution and mutation of canine transmissible cancer (Science) Clam cancers (TWiEVO 17) Sixth modality of infectious disease (PLoS Path) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Vasa Museum in Stockholm Vincent - Nobel Museum in Stockholm Listener Pick Irene - @EndlessFormsand #PlantScienceFascinatesMe #plantsday Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

At ASM Microbe in San Francisco, Nels and Vincent meet up with Talia Karasov who reveals that in contrast to agriculture, wild plants are colonized by multiple lineages of pathogenic bacteria. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Talia Karasov Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Talia Karasov in the Bergelson lab Arabidopsis thaliana and Pseudomonas (Cell Host Micr) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

At ASM Microbe in San Francisco, Nels and Vincent meet up with Paul Turner to talk about evolutionary considerations in using bacteriophages to treat infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Paul Taylor Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Turner Lab at Yale Phage therapy: A renewed approach (Cell Host Microbe) Phage treatment of aortic graft (Evol Med Pub Health) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Science Glass Vincent- Phage therapy for disseminated Mycobacterial infection Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Dustin Rubinstein joins Nels and Vincent to discuss coevolution of genome architecture and social behavior, and studying social transitions in sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Dustin Rubinstein Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Co-evolution of genome architecture and social behavior (Trend Ecol Evol) Social transitions in snapping shrimp (Curr Op Insect Sci) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Dustin- Genesis: The Deep Origin of Societies 1 by E.O. Wilson, and The Human Swarm by Mark O. Moffett Nels- For Love of Insects by Thomas Eisner Vincent- Quacks blamed for Pakistan HIV-1 outbreak Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent review the contribution of multiple Denisovan lineages to the modern Papuan genome. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Denisovan ancestries in Papuans (Cell) Prof Murray Cox Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 42 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Sydney Brenner - What Genomes Can Tell Us About the PastVincent- Scientific Communication in a Post-Truth Society Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent explore the evolution of new protein-coding genes de novo from nocoding DNA sequences, using the antifreeze protein of northern codfish as a model. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Evolution of antifreeze protein gene in codfish (PNAS) Codfish diversity (Cheng lab) Frankentomatoes (Huff Post) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Science at Sundance reviews Vincent- The Rise and Fall of Scientific Authority Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent move back to reproductive isolation - this time, pre-zygotic, in the charismatic orchid bee where the males make chemically distinct perfumes to attract mates of the same species. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Olfactory receptor gene underlies reproductive isolation (biorXiv) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Nature Zen: Orchid Bees Are Shiny Vincent- What You Believe About Science Denial May Be All Wrong Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent look at the intracellular bacteria Legionella from an evolutionary perspective: the role of gene acquisition and reshuffling from plants, animals, fungi, and archaea in the emergence of human pathogens. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Over 18,000 effectors in Legionella genome (PNAS) Carmen Buchrieser lab Howard Shuman Science Picks  Nels - Science in Film (twitter) Vincent - Lunar Eclipse 101 Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv    

Nels and Vincent reveal a highly conserved protein that acts as an evolvability factor, increasing mutation and the ability of bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Inhibiting evolution of antibiotic resistance (Mol Cell) Pushing viruses over the error threshold (virology blog) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 38 Science Picks Nels- Science/nature illustrator/artist Rachel Ignotofsky (website, Etsy shop) Vincent- Life Ascending by Nick Lane  Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

David Quammen joins Nels and Vincent to talk about his new book, A Tangled Tree, including evolutionary trees, Carl Woese, Lynn Margulis, horizontal gene transfer, and much more. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: David Quammen Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO David's website David on TWiV 408, Boston Quammens Axel Erlandson's trees reimagined - Gilroy Gardens Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Mia joins Nels and Vincent to unravel their finding that the transposons that maintain the ends of chromosomes in Drosophilahave evolved in conflict with the genome. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Mia Levine Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Levine Lab at U Penn Telomere elongation without telomerase (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiEVO 36 Science Picks Nels - Cinema Science podcast Vincent - Mastodon bones unearthed (Instagram, Grand Rapids News) Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent reveal that female-specific DNA associated with sex in strawberries has repeatedly changed its genomic location, possibly linking new genes with sex.  Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Jumping sex genes in strawberries (PLoS Biol) Red Queen by Matt Ridley Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 35 Science Picks Nels - New snailfish and Cloned crayfish Vincent - A PhD Lab Coat Ceremony Listener Picks Steve - Diversity in simple blobs Justin - On Growth and Forms by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent discuss how the loss of an enzyme in marine mammals millions of years ago now makes them at risk for neurotoxicity caused by human-made organophosphorous pesticides. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient lossesof paraoxonase I (Science) Big Yellow Taxi (YouTube) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 34 Hey farmer farmer put away the chlor-pyri-fus I don’t care about spots on my apples Leave me the manatee and walruses Science Picks Nels - New dinosaur discovered in Utah Vincent -The Song of the Dodo by David Quammen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent are astounded by the finding of an insect-derived virus in a fungus that manipulates the behavior of flies. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Virus in fungus in fly (bioRxiv) On a leaf, no one can hear you scream (TWiV 443) Nels gives Benzer Lecture (YouTube) Domestication of fungal fly pathogen (bioRxiv) Sequencing E. muscae genome (10X genomics) Eisen's twitter stream on new iflavirus (Twitter) Science Picks Nels - Mindsuckers; getting photos; Anand Varma photos  Vincent - Happy Birthday Gregor Mendel Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Matt joins Nels and Vincent to discuss the neutral theory of evolution and its rejection in light of genome-scale data. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Matt Hahn Become a patron of TWiEVO Hahn Lab Molecular Population Genetics by Matt Hahn Neutral theoryin light of natural selection (Mol Biol Evol) Neutral Sequence Fallacy(Assembly of Fragments) Splendor and miseryof adaptation (BMC Biol) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 32 Science Picks Nels - Inaugural Transposon Day Vincent - How many human genes? Listener Pick Anne- Plants repeatedly lose ability to obtain nitrogen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent present ancient hepatitis B virus genome sequences from Bronze Age to Medieval period human remains. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient hepatitis B virus genomes(Nature) Even more ancient HBV genomes(bioRxiv) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 31 Science Picks Nels - Sampling whale breathwith drones (Preprint) Vincent - Verge Science Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent reveal how a motor protein in corn causes preferential transmission of chromosomes to egg cells, leading to non-Mendelian inheritance. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cellmeeting Selfishcorn chromosomes (Cell) Dawe Lab- neocentromeres and meiotic drive Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 30 Science Picks Nels - Craypot stinkhorn mushroom (Colus pusilus) Vincent -Doubts raised over plan to release herpesvirus to wipe out carp Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv