Stuff You Missed In History Class

This 2014 episode covers why when the Great London Smog descended in December of 1952, nobody initially realized anything unusual was going on. At its largest, it extended 30 kilometers around London, and it killed thousands of people. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss resources for learning more about the Lumbee and the unique nature of North Carolina's outdoor historical dramas. Additionally, they discuss lead, cartoonist Roz Chast, and Midgley's death.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health. Research: Bellis, Mary. "The History of Freon." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-freon-4072212. Blakemore, Erin. “The Ozone Hole Was Super Scary, So What Happened To It?” Smithsonian. 1/13/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ozone-hole-was-super-scary-what-happened-it-180957775/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tetraethyl lead". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/science/tetraethyl-lead. Accessed 3 August 2022. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thomas Midgley, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr. Accessed 3 August 2022. Dayton Herald. “Midgey’s Death Termed Suicide.” P. 28. 11/10/1944. Giunta, Carmen J. “Thomas Midgley Jr. and the

The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking. Research: Leland, Elizabeth. “Coming Home to the Land of the Lumbee.” Our State. 9/6/2017. https://www.ourstate.com/lumbee-american-indians/ Currie, Jefferson. “Henry Berry Lowry.” Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lowry-henry “Proclamation of Outlawry for Henry Berry Lowry and his band of robbers.” https://www.ncpedia.org/printpdf/13809 North Carolina Museum of History. “Community Class Series: Henry Berry Lowrie, Lumbee Legend.” With Nancy Strickland Fields, Museum of the Southeast American Indian; Dr. Lawrence T. Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke; and Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, Emory University. Via YouTube. Sep 23, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUALvny7DZ4 Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “Lumbee Indians in

This 2019 episode covers a trailblazer in science and medicine. Hamilton dedicated her life to improving the workplace standards for laborers in an effort to reduce illnesses that came from working with toxic chemicals.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss the ways they encountered butterflies in their childhoods and how people can help conservation efforts at home. They also talk through some of the stories of Weegee's life that didn't make it into the episode. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Weegee is often cited as having been an influence on artists like Diane Arbus and Andy Warhol. He also influenced the world in how New York was viewed, because of his stark, black and white photos of the city. Research:  Smith, Roberta. “He Made Blood and Guts Familiar and Fabulous.” New York Times. Jan. 19, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/arts/design/weegee-at-international-center-of-photography-review.html Cotter, Holland. “'Unknown Weegee,' on Photographer Who Made the Night Noir.” New York Times. June 9, 2006. “Weegee.” Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/weegee Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Weegee". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Weegee Vermare, Pauline. “New York City, by Weegee the Famous.” Magnum Photos. Feb. 10, 2020. https://www.magnumphotos.com/arts-culture/society-arts-culture/new-york-city-by-weegee-the-famous/ Mallon, Thomas. “Weegee the Famous, the Voyeur and Exhibitionist.” The New Yorker. May 21, 2018.

Monarch butterflies are still in the middle of their story – and it’s one that is precarious. Humans are still trying to figure out a lot about them, and aspects of the monarch story have been misrepresented over the years. Research: Monarch Joint Venture: https://monarchjointventure.org/ “Monarch Butterfly.” The National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Monarch-Butterfly Sutherland, Douglas W.S. and Jean Adams, ed. “The Monarch Butterfly – Our National Insect.” Part of “Insect Potpourri: Adventures in Entomology.” CRC Press. 1992. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Danaus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Danaus-Greek-mythology Kathleen S. Murphy. “Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, and the British Slave Trade.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 70, no. 4, 2013, pp. 637–70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.70.4.0637 Müller-Wille, Staffan. "Carolus Linnaeus". Encyclo

This 2018 episode covers an artist and architect from 16th-century Italy. But what really made him famous was his writing. He penned biographies of famous artists, but he wasn't very exacting about the details.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about the gossipy nature of press coverage about men like Rudolph Diesel. The gap between Ibn Khaldūn's life and the time when analysis of his work really began is also discussed. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ibn Khaldūn was a Muslim writer who covered history, economics and sociology. He lived during a time of chaos and strife, and his life was mired in the political drama and intrigue of the day. Research:  Alatas, Syed Farid. “Ibn Khaldun.” Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. 2012. Albertini, Tamara. “Special Issue: Politics, Nature and Society – The Actuality of North African Philosopher Ibn Khaldūn.” Philosophy East & West Volume 69, Number 3 July 2019. Al-Jubouri, Imadaldin. “Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History.” Philosophy Now. 2005. https://philosophynow.org/issues/50/Ibn_Khaldun_and_the_Philosophy_of_History Gearon, Eamonm. “Turning Points in Middle Eastern History.” The Teaching Company, 2016. "Ibn Khaldun Pioneers the Sociological View of History." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 5: Middle East, Gale, 2014, pp. 239-243. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3728000758/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=book

We have enough pieces of the story of Rudolf Diesel’s life that remain consistent that we can fairly confidently construct his biography. But the way his life ended will forever be a mystery.  Research: Harford, Tim. “How Rudolf Diesel's engine changed the world.” BBC. Dec. 19, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38302874 “Rudolf Diesel and his invention.” Mercedes-Benz. Feb 21, 2011. https://group-media.mercedes-benz.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=9361302 Bryant, Lynwood. “The Development of the Diesel Engine.” Technology and Culture, vol. 17, no. 3, 1976, pp. 432–46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3103523 “Dr. Rudolf Diesel Dead, It Is Feared.” The San Francisco Examiner. Oct. 1, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460520428/?terms=%22rudolf%20diesel%22&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rudolf Diesel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Diesel “Dr. Diesel Vanishes From a Steamship.” New York Times. Oct. 1, 1913. https:/

This 2011 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers Timur the Lame (Tamerlane to Westerners) conquering areas from Persia to Russia throughout the late 1300s, and his last great battle in Ankara against Sultan Bayezid I.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about blood pressure and Diuril man. Holly then shares a story of how early fastener sales worked and how zippers have become specialized. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The development of the zipper was oddly arduous, with many fastener versions tried out before the zipper we know today and have on our clothes, handbags, and luggage was finally figured out.  Research: Friedel, Robert. “Zipper: an Exploration in Novelty.” W.W. Norton. 1994. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "zipper". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Apr. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/art/zipper Johnson, Ian. “Zipper anniversary: 10 bits of trivia to impress the pants off you.” CBC News. April 29, 2013. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/zipper-anniversary-10-bits-of-trivia-to-impress-the-pants-off-you-1.1305202 Lewis, Danny. “One Japanese Company Makes Half of the World’s Zippers.” Smithsonian. Sept 3, 2015. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/one-japanese-company-makes-half-worlds-zippers-180956482/ “Gideon Sundback.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/gideon-sundback Bauman, Richard. “The Ups and Downs of Success.” Fremont Tribune. Nov. 20, 2006. https://www.newspape

Ancient cultures all over the world used the pulse as a diagnostic tool. And eventually, we figured out how to measure blood pressure, and hypertension came to be viewed as a disease. Research: Booth, Jeremy. “A Short History of Blood Pressure Measurement.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. Vol. 70. Nov. 1977. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591577707001112 Elias, Merrill F. and Amanda L. Goodell. “Setting the record straight for two heroes in hypertension: John J. Hay and Paul Dudley White.” Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 9/21/2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8030549/#jch13650-bib-0004 Greene, Jeremy A. “Releasing the Flood Waters: Diruil and the Reshaping of Hypertension.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 79, No. 4, Winter 2005. https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2005.0153 Harold, John Gordon. “Harold on History | Historical Perspectives on Hypertension.” American College of Cardiology. 11/20/2017. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/

This 2017 episode covers the U.S.S. Indianapolis, known today for its crew's horrifying wait for rescue after being torpedoed following a secret mission at the end of World War II. But the ship's history goes back much farther than that.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about Courbet's arrogance and some gossip about his life. They also discuss the legal loopholes that enable inanimate objects to be named as parties in court cases. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Griswold v. Connecticut was the U.S. supreme court decision that overturned laws banning contraception – at least, for married couples. It wasn’t the first SCOTUS decision to mention the concept of privacy, but it was a major one. Research: Bailey, Martha J. “’Momma’s Got the Pill’: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing.” American Economic Review 2010, 100. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.100.1.98 Brannen, Daniel E., Jr., et al. "Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)." Supreme Court Drama: Cases That Changed America, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, 2nd ed., vol. 1: Individual Liberties, UXL, 2011, pp. 70-74. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1929200026/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d079c402. Accessed 5 July 2022. Burnette, Brandon R. “Comstock Act of 1873 (1873).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1038/comstock-act-of-1873 Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. “G

Courbet was iconic even in his own lifetime. He flew in the face of artistic convention, turned down awards, and ushered in a new movement of Realism in France. He also became embroiled in the country’s political turmoil.   Research: Courbet, Gustave “Madame Auguste Cuoq (Mathilde Desportes, 1827–1910)” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436016 Courbet, Gustave. “Woman in a Riding Habit (L'Amazone).” 1856. The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436024 Bénédite, Léonce. “Gustave Courbet: With a Biographical and Critical Study.” W. Heinemann. 1912. Fernier, Robert J.. "Gustave Courbet". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustave-Courbet Berman, Avis. “Larger Than Life.” Smithsonian Magazine. April 2008. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/larger-than-life-31654689/ Nochlin, Linda. “Gustave Courbet's Meeting: A Portrait of the Artist as a Wandering Jew.” Art Bulletin. Vol. 49. No. 3. https://www.collegeart.org/pdf/artbulleti