Stuff You Missed In History Class

This 2016 episode covers a skeleton found in a tree near Birmingham, England in 1943. More than 70 years later, it's still unknown who the deceased was and how the body ended up in an elm tree.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss the difficult nature of Chapin's personality. They also talk about the ways that the rivalry between Pulitzer and Hearst played out, and the way one of Chapin's employees got quiet revenge. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Chapin's successful journalism career crumbled as stress chipped away at his mental health, and he committed a terrible crime. But there were still surprises left to his story.  Research:  “Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage’s Office.” The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 “A Dynamite Bomb.” The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 “City Slave Girls.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M “New York World Editor Kills Wife.” Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1

Chapin built a life people envied, and had a great deal of power. His entire biography is full of noteworthy achievements and awards. As a newsman, he covered many of the key moments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Research: “Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage’s Office.” The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 “A Dynamite Bomb.” The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 “City Slave Girls.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M “New York World Editor Kills Wife.” Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275

This 2019 episode covers the burning of the P.S. General Slocum in the East River in New York on June 15, 1904. It had been chartered for a group outing that suddenly became a deadly maritime disaster.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about hunting for sources for Eugene Jacques Bullard's story, and his unpublished memoir. They also talk about wanting to return to Paris knowing Bullard's story. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After World War I ended, Eugene Jacques Bullard returned to Paris. He worked as a jazz drummer and nightclub owner, and as the tensions that led to World War II loomed, as an intelligence agent for France.  Research: "Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Redmon, Jeremy. “The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.” Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interwar yea

Bullard is often described as the first Black American fighter pilot – which is true – but he also had a full and fascinating life beyond that. This episode covers his travels before WWI and his military career.  Research: "Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Redmon, Jeremy. “The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.” Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interw

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina discusses how during Jack Johnson's time, the heavyweight championship was unofficially a whites-only title. Despite discrimination, Johnson became the first black heavyweight champion, but some questioned his legitimacy.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about the gossip surrounding two of Livinia Fontana Zappi's paintings. They also discuss the degree to which people ignored Imogene Rechtin's actual messaging about kissing when criticizing her campaign. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the early 1900s, Imogene Rechtin started a crusade to get people to stop kissing socially as a way to stop disease spread. Her argument was sound, but she was largely dismissed as being uptight. Research: “Health Society Bars Kisses.” The Taney Country Republican (Forsyth, Missouri). June 15, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/859865029/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1 “World’s Health Organization Waging War Against Kissing.” The Evening-Times Star and Almeda Daily Argus.” Feb 23, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/607117745/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1 “An Assault on Kissing.” The Washington Post. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/28961790/?terms=%22kiss%22&match=1 “Declares Kiss Must Go.” Herald and Review. Decatur, Illinois. Nov. 27, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/92535138/?terms=%22Declares%20Kiss%20Must%20Go%22&match=1 “Woman Doctor Says Kissing In Unseemly.” The Washington Times. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/i

Lavinia Fontana was taught painting by her father, and became one of the earliest examples of a woman with an independent career in art that supported her family. She became very well-known for her portraits and her devotional art.  Research: Bohn, Babette. “Women Artists, Their Patrons, and Their Publics in Early Modern Bologna.” Pennsylvania State University Press. 2021. Villa, Angelica. “National Gallery of Victoria Acquires Lavinia Fontana Painting to Address ‘Gender Imbalance.’” ARTnews. Feb. 8, 2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/national-gallery-of-victoria-lavinia-fontana-acquisition-1234618453/ National Gallery of Ireland. “Part 1: Introducing the Lavinia Fontana Conservation and Research Project.” Aug. 22, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N0nv40TzEk National Gallery of Ireland. “Conservation treatment of Lavinia Fontana's painting.” https://www.nationalgallery.ie/explore-and-learn/conservation-and-research-projects/lavinia-fontana-conservation-and-research-0 Casoni, Felice Antonio.

This 2011 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers polio, a threat in the early 20th century that often left victims paralyzed or dead. Vaccines caused an immediate drop in polio cases and today have nearly eradicated the disease. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about school science fairs and their performance in them. They then discuss the interesting aspect of Field of Cloth of Gold preparations that put people from England and France side by side as they worked.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Field of Cloth of Gold was a summit and celebration that was held to start what was hoped to be a long-term alliance between France and England. And it required a lot of fancy footwork to keep two monarchs appeased.  Research: Richardson, Glenn. “The Field of Cloth of Gold.” Yale University Press. 2020. “Henry VIII’s foot combat armour.” Royal Armouries. https://royalarmouries.org/stories/object-of-the-month/object-of-the-month-for-april-henry-viiis-foot-combat-armour/ Solly, Meilan. “When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on an 18-Day Party.” Smithsonian. June 23, 2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/five-hundred-years-ago-henry-viii-and-francis-i-spent-19-million-18-day-party-180975116/ “The Field of Cloth of Gold.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/the-field-of-cloth-of-gold/#gs.9xj1t7 Lay, Paul. “Wolsey’s Own Accord.” History Today. Volume 68, Issue 10. October 2018. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/editor/wolsey%E2%80%99s-own

The development of penicillin started – but definitely did not end – with the chance discovery of some mold in a petri dish. There is so much more to the story. Research: Bernard, Diane. “How a miracle drug changed the fight against infection during World War II.” Washington Post. 7/11/2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/07/11/penicillin-coronavirus-florey-wwii-infection/ British Library. “Inventor(s) of the month, Alexander Fleming and the story of Penicillin.” 7/28/2021. https://blogs.bl.uk/business/2021/07/inventors-of-the-month-alexander-fleming.html Chain, E. et al. “Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent.” The Lancet. Vol. 236, Issue 6104. 8/24/1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)08728-1 Fleming A. On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their Use in the Isolation of B. influenzæ. Br J Exp Pathol. 1929 Jun;10(3):226–36. PMCID: PMC2048009. Gaynes, Robert. “The Discovery of Penicillin—New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use.”

The subject of this 2018 episode is sometimes called a 19th-century Rosa Parks. When Elizabeth boarded a Manhattan streetcar in 1854, a chain of events began which became an important to the civil rights of New York's Black citizens.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly speculates about how one article about Josephine Cochrane got so many details wrong. Tracy then talks about the details of Canada's currency featuring Viola Desmond. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Desmond was convicted after refusing to leave her seat in a segregated movie theater in Nova Scotia in 1946. But she also established the first beauty salon for Black women her area, and founded a beauty school for Black women.   Research:  Bingham, Russell. "Viola Desmond". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 16 April 2021, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/viola-desmond. Accessed 09 August 2022. Bishop, Henry V. “Viola (Davis) Desmond (b. 1914 — d. 1965): Stand For Justice.” Nova Scotia Archives. https://archives.novascotia.ca/desmond/background/ Canadian Museum for Human Rights. “One woman’s resistance: Viola Desmond's Story.” https://humanrights.ca/story/one-womans-resistance Flynn, Karen. “Remembering Viola Desmond.” Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. 11/2021. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/remembering-viola-desmond?language_content_entity=en "Fred Christie Case (Christie v York)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 06 June 2020, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia

There is one woman in particular who normally gets the credit for inventing the dish washer. But there were other inventors trying to come up with ways to automatically take care of kitchen clean up both before and after Josephine Cochran. Research: Bellis, Mary. "Josephine Cochran and the Invention of the Dishwasher." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/josephine-cochran-dishwasher-4071171. Houghton, Joel. “IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR WASHING TABLE FURNITURE.” United States Patent Office. May 14, 1850. https://todayinsci.com/Events/Patent/DishwashingMachine7365.htm Cochran, J.G. “Dish Washing Machine.” U.S. Patent Office. Dec. 28, 1886. https://patents.google.com/patent/US355139 Fenster, Julie M. “The Woman Who Invented the Dish Washer.” Invention & Technology. Fall 1999. Volume 15, Issue 2. https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/woman-who-invented-dishwasher-1 “Restoring History: Family Purchases Home of Dishwasher Inventor Josephine Cochrane and Pledges to Return it to its Former Glory.” Whirlpo