Distillations: Science + Culture + History

Alexis Pedrick joins Sam Jones and Deboki Chakravarti to bring you an episode from Tiny Matters, an award-winning podcast from the American Chemical Society produced by Multitude. The episode, which originally aired in February 2026, explores the surprising origins and evolution of one of modern medicine's most important tools: the clinical trial. Tiny Matters follows the development of experimental design across centuries to modern-day randomized control trials and the debates about their limitations, trying to answer the question, "How do we know whether a treatment truly works?" Credits Host: Alexis Pedrick Executive Producer: Mariel Carr Senior Producer: Rigoberto Hernandez Resource List Placebo Controls, Exorcisms and the Devil  The Eight Wars of Religion (1562–1598) The Emergence of the Randomized, Controlled Trial The Emergence of the Randomized Controlled Trial: Origins to 1980  Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Estimated Costs of Pivotal Trials for Novel Therapeutic Agents