Cognitive Engineering

Why does it seem like civilisations - sometimes great distances apart - made similar discoveries at almost exactly the same time? Whether it’s the invention of the wheel, agriculture or early forms of writing, there seem to be parallels everywhere you look. Does it provide evidence for a kind of cultural clock that moves civilisations towards a converged form of progress? In this week’s podcast, we discuss ancient civilisations and progress. We take a closer look at convergent evolution, the Andaman Islands, Fermi paradox, AI, aliens and the Arecibo message and ponder if globalisation ended this phenomenon. Finally, we share our favourite moments of contact between different civilisations. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - The Aztecs - A Clash of Worlds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8JVdpWCKeM - Sid Meier’s Civilization Advances Chart https://forums.civfanatics.com/attachments/civ1tech-png.458650/ - Cradle of Civilization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization - Neuroscience

Why does it always seem like it’s the people who move to the village that complain about the church bells? Or it is those that move next to a pub that are irritated by noise? It seems to indicate that there is an optimal way to live harmoniously. But how does the idea of neighbourliness work and what does it tell us about the nature of society? In this week’s podcast, we discuss noisy neighbours. Is annoying your neighbour a tale as old as time or is it a relatively recent phenomenon? We discuss trap and drill music, Horst-Wessel-Lied, whistling, Isaiah Berlin, Coase theorem, intentional communities, Nozick’s framework for utopia and cohousing. Finally, we share when we’ve been annoying neighbours and when we’ve been most annoyed. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Classical musician forced out of London flat after noise complaints https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/14/musician-forced-london-flat-fiona-fey-mediaeval-babes-noise-abatement - The Independent Society of Musicians https://ww

Are you the type of person that writes carefully considered and elaborate emails? Or are you the type of emailer that responds with one brief unstructured sentence? Whichever it is, emailing has made a significant impact on modern forms of interaction. But has it led us into a world that is void of thoughtful communication? In this week’s podcast, we discuss email. We discuss the origins of email, Google Wave, Whatsapp functionality and the postal service. Finally, we share the communications technologies of the past we wish were still with us. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Henry VIII’s love letters to Anne Boleyn https://englishhistory.net/tudor/king-henry-viii-love-letters-to-anne-boleyn/ - Google Wave https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Wave - History of Email https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_email For more information on Aleph Insights visit our website https://alephinsights.com or to get in touch about our podcast email podcast@alephinsights.com

We can all think of situations where a small minority is seen to be ruining it for the rest of us. Whether it’s someone littering or people talking loudly in a cinema, there seem to be endless examples of a small number of people creating a disproportionately large imposition on others. But what can we put this effect down to and what should we do about it? In this week’s episode, we discuss the annoying few. We unpack the Pareto principle, personality types and analyse rates of crime in New York. We explore why phenomena we tend to think of as evenly distributed turn out to be highly concentrated and finally, we share moments when we were part of the annoying minority ourselves A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - The Pareto Principle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle - A Tiny Number of Shoplifters https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/nyregion/shoplifting-arrests-nyc.html - The Cart Narcs https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClMUlr8yHymYgSe58DpUH7w - Are we the baddies? https://www.youtu

In a world awash with influencers and social media personalities, sharing achievements with large numbers of people over the internet is now commonplace. But is there a line between celebrating success and blatant bragging? Are there times when bragging is necessary and what are some strategies for effective bragging? In this week’s podcast, we discuss bragging. We construct a working definition of bragging, Peter presents his taxonomy for types of bragging and we discuss the idea of humble bragging and the relationship between bragging and status. Finally, we share some of our most recent brags and the worst braggers we ever knew. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Katylee Bailey apologises for ‘bragging’ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tiktok-bradford-buys-house-apology-b2320588.html - ‘Bragging, Humblebragging, and Gratitude’ https://www.proresource.com/bragging-humblebragging-gratitude-do-you-know-the-difference/ - Humblebrag subreddit https://www.reddit.com/r/humblebrag/ -

As we edge closer to summer we found ourselves looking forward to holidays but dreading the thought of running into British tourists abroad. Is disliking your countrymen while overseas a universal feeling or are we disproportionately hard on ourselves? How do we ensure our holidays won’t be ruined by people exactly like ourselves? In this week’s podcast, we discuss Brits abroad. We discuss ingroups and outgroups, Newcomb’s paradox, the intricacies of the British class system and evolutionary information discovery. Peter shares his strategy for avoiding Brits while on holiday and we share some of our best and worst experiences of meeting Brits abroad. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Britons make worst tourists, say Britons https://yougov.co.uk/topics/society/articles-reports/2019/08/30/britons-make-worst-tourists-say-britons-and-spania - Newcomb’s Paradox https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/decision-causal/#NewcProb For more information on Aleph Insights visit our website https://alephinsight

There’s something about zombies that makes them the perfect genre to explore our apocalyptic fears and anxieties. Films about zombies seem to constantly reinvent the genre in new ways, whilst staying true to some core tenets. But how are zombies actually supposed to work and why are they so popular? In this week’s episode, we discuss zombies with friend-of-the-podcast Mikey Lear. We discuss the etymology of the word zombie and the history of zombie films, the cordycep fungus, technozombism and the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment. We ask whether AIs are zombies and Jordan presents his zombie survival plan. Finally, we share our favourite scenes from zombie films. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - List of Zombie Films https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_zombie_films - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Zombies https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zombies/ - How the Zombie Represents America’s Deepest Fears https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/31/13440402/zombie-political-history

If you’re a fan of sci-fi you’ll know that one of the most important characteristics of the genre is the depiction of a fictional universe. Whether it’s Middle Earth, the Death Star or Arrakis, a plausible setting for events to take place is a key requirement. But do we have to accept a certain level of inconsistency between the fictional world and reality in order for it to work? In this week’s podcast, we discuss fact versus fiction in media and storytelling. Are there rules for fiction that can be changed and ones that can’t? We discuss The Mandalorian, the Rings of Power series, celebrity paradox and construal level theory. Finally, we share some of our favourite fictional universes. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - TV Tropes: Acceptable breaks from reality https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/AcceptableBreaksFromReality - Vice-Admiral Holdo destroys Supremacy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1r36BUY-ZM - Celebrity paradox examples https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construal_level_the

After the news that renowned clairvoyant Mystic Meg has recently passed into the next realm, we decided to focus our energy on all things astrological. Zodiacs, tarot cards and horoscopes can seem irrational, but is believing in astrology bad for you or can it shed light on the human condition? In this week’s podcast, we discuss astrology. Have beliefs in astrology declined in recent years or have we simply filled this void with other things? We unpack the decline of organised religion in the Western world, the relationship between narcissism and astrology, the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale and discuss how spirituality manifests itself in contemporary society. Finally, we analyse each other’s horoscopes. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Mystic Meg: Astrologer dies aged 80 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-64900348 - British public reveal their beliefs in new survey https://www.bmgresearch.co.uk/british-public-reveal-beliefs-new-survey/ - Are we becoming more narcissistic? https://w

Is it possible to fall over on purpose? What does the construction of words in a sentence tell us about the way we use natural language to convey thoughts and ideas? We often think about language as being an essential part of what it means to be human, but does the rise of new artificial intelligence technologies force us to reconsider this? In this week’s podcast, we discuss language. As the popularity of ChatGPT and other large language models continues to grow, we ask what we are giving away to these models and speculate on how they might impact the way we use language. We discuss Ordinary language philosophy, Steven Pinker’s theory of the association between words and thoughts and linguistic codes in music from the American South. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Del Boy Falls Through the Bar - Only Fools and Horses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63rcdLeXiU8 - Steven Pinker https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker#Biography - Noam Chomsky: The False Promise of ChatGPT https://www.nyti

One way of thinking about leadership is to separate it into two tasks: thinking and doing. But what does thinking involve and how should you lead people? In this week’s podcast, we discuss leadership with our special guest Hugo Marino. Hugo, who has had a long career in the British Army, joins us to provide an insightful account of how he adapted military-style leadership skills to develop a more analytical approach to leading teams. We discuss non-frontline personnel, the Sandhurst model of leadership, intelligence analysis and military doctrine. Finally, we share a few stories from working inside the intelligence services and recount memorable examples of how leadership can go wrong. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - What Do Leaders in Different Fields Need to Succeed? https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/industry-trend-report-final/ - Executive Personality Types: A Comparison of Military and Civilian Leaders in a Single Organization https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/vi

Audiophiles, tweakers and techno-mysticists often invest incredibly large amounts of money to chase the highest level of sound production. But does spending more money on equipment actually produce higher performance or is this an irrational misconception? In this week’s podcast, we discuss audiophilia. In doing so, we explore pseudoscience and the placebo effect, information theory and power cables. We ponder over a spiritual void in contemporary society that may lead to obsessions and reveal why you should think twice before ‘believing the science’. Finally, we share some of our expensive obsessions. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Nordost Odin 2 Speaker Cable - Factory Terminated Pairhttps://www.futureshop.co.uk/nordost-odin-2-speaker-cable-factory-terminated-pair?gclid=Cj0KCQiA3eGfBhCeARIsACpJNU_r8FY4G2Fwe9CwuCaJXfYciU0POKkgeshi77x5xpWI9ZsoUfYHNlAaAsg4EALw_wcB - Audio Woo https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Audio_woo - List of topics characterized as pseudoscience https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

It has been a busy few months for weird news. First there were the multiple Chinese spy balloons across North America, then the Ohio train derailments and finally the mysterious Godzilla egg that washed up on a beach in Japan. But what is it that makes news weird and is there a correct level of scepticism to meet unexplained phenomena? In this week’s podcast, we discuss weird news. We start by investigating data on levels of trust in the media, Stanley Cohen’s theory of moral panics and theoretical physics. We discuss key case studies such as ball lightning, animal rain, and unexplained noises and disappearances. Nick also presents a general theory of weirdness and offers some potentially related responses. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - The Fortean Times magazine https://subscribe.forteantimes.com/ - 2023 Chinese balloon incident https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident - Mystery sphere found on beach perplexes Japan https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-64730255 - Crop

Do you ever scroll through Netflix or Amazon Prime and wonder where all the office sitcoms are? In the 80s, 90s and 00s the office sitcom seemed like a television staple, but if this is no longer the case, what does it tell us about contemporary culture and society? In this week’s podcast, we discuss sitcoms. We trace back recent trends in comedy, discuss some comedy classics, speculate on whether the sitcom genre may be in decline, and reveal what we should be looking for to identify the stock comedy characters of the next five to ten years. Finally, we share our favorite sitcoms and the comedy characters we most identify with. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Comedy and critical thought: Laughter as resistance https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-018-0243-2 - Weekly top 50 shows https://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/most-viewed-programmes/ For more information on Aleph Insights visit our website https://alephinsights.com or to get in touch about our podcast email podcast@alephins

We’ve all come across different versions of the “just be yourself” principle at some point. Being told to “follow your dreams” or “say what you think” can often feel like empty platitudes. But what does it actually mean to be yourself and is it something you can aim for? In this week’s podcast, we discuss being yourself. We explore evolutionary biology, Dunbar’s number, Aristotle, status hierarchies, eating olives and different cultural approaches to individualism and collectivism. We ask how to objectively disambiguate authenticity and inauthenticity and suggest some metrics for measuring our inner feelings and behaviour. Finally, we share moments from our lives where we were guilty of inauthenticity. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Trait personality and state variability https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656616300514 - Does intraindividual variability of personality states improve perspective taking? https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/21157/jintelligen

Our relationship with temptation stretches back to stories from the bible and antiquity. Whether it is eating the forbidden fruit or opening Pandora’s box, temptation seems intimately linked to human nature. But is it our responsibility to remove temptation from others or is this an area where the so-called nanny state seeks to interfere with our personal choices? In this week’s podcast, we discuss temptation. We focus our attention on the example of bringing cake into the office. In doing so, we discuss deontology and consequentialism, ego depletion, the marshmallow test, and the economic theory of time inconsistency. Nick presents his temptability index and we reveal our favourite cakes and gastronomic temptations. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Bringing cake to the office is as harmful as passive smoking https://news.sky.com/story/bringing-cake-to-office-as-harmful-as-passive-smoking-uk-food-watchdog-says-12789287 - The psychology of temptation https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.10

In the UK we have all become accustomed to living in a democratically stable country. Yet if you trace back history it reveals that even stable countries are susceptible to a coup d’etat. This got us thinking, how do you stage a successful coup? In this week’s podcast, we discuss coups. We examine recent examples of coups around the world and ask if coups are making a comeback? We reveal the difference between coups and revolutions, draw insights from a dataset on coups and muse over historical case studies in the UK context such as the Harold Wilson plot. Finally, we draw up a fictitious plot to overthrow the British government and put forward our list of would-be demands and policies. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Germany arrests 25 accused of plotting coup https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63885028 - Coups are making a comeback https://www.axios.com/2022/01/30/coup-attemps-countries-around-world - Armed Forces continuous attitude survey: 2022 https://www.gov.uk/government/statisti

As the northern hemisphere continues to endure the depths of winter, we cast our minds back to the summer holidays of last year. Busy holidays are often filled with enduring reflections, while others that are full of rest and relaxation can feel comparatively void of memories. So what should we be optimising for holidays - fun or memories? In this week’s podcast, we discuss holiday optimisation. Should we be designing our holidays to maximise memory capture or to have an enjoyable time? We discuss memory models, Daniel Kahneman’s cognitive psychology approach to life satisfaction, the peak-end rule and how holidays can foster social bonds and affect wellbeing. Finally, we share our most memorable holidays and design our own perfect holiday. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factor https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258511569_Leisure_and_Subjective_Well-Being_A_Model_of_Psychological_Mechanisms_as_Mediating_

At the time, the decision of what to study feels like one of the most important decisions we will ever make. It is only with the wisdom of hindsight that many of us realise the degree we studied had little bearing on our lives. But do the degrees we study have an impact on our future careers and is this impact measurable? In this week’s podcast, we discuss choosing a degree. What motivates students to select particular degrees over others? And why does there seem to be a discrepancy between what students decide to study and getting a job in the thing they are studying? We unpack the idea of ‘risky’ degrees, weigh in on the STEM subjects vs arts degrees debate and Nick reveals which is the best degree to study if you want a successful career. Finally, we share the degrees we would do if we had our time again. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Stereotypes about fields of study https://johnjconlon17.github.io/website/Conlon_Patel_stereotypes.pdf - The degrees that make you rich... and the ones th

We often think of our leaders as serious and dignified figures that don’t engage in any fun or frivolity. Those that reach the highest levels of office are expected to remain above reproach as examples to the rest of us. But do we set unrealistic expectations for our leaders and is it acceptable for us to see them enjoying themselves? In this week’s podcast, we discuss partying prime ministers. We debate the idea of public image in an age of social media, and the nature of responsibility and how it is interpreted. We muse over the pastimes of previous prime ministers, defecating monarchs, and ask whether there is a level of hypocrisy in the expectations we set for those that govern us. Finally, we speculate on which former leaders would have had the most colourful social media histories. A few things we mentioned in this podcast: - Sanna Marin: Partying Finnish PM cleared of neglecting duties https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63517303 For more information on Aleph Insights visit our website https:/